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Draft Policy Guideline on Earthquake Risk Assessment in Mortgage Loan Processing

(For Internal Use of Banks & Financial Institutions in Bangladesh .This guideline has been prepared independently in my own professional interest while writing an article for an online newspaper. 


1. Purpose of the Guideline

This guideline aims to establish a standardized process for assessing earthquake-related structural risks during the evaluation and approval of mortgage-backed loans. Bangladesh lies in a seismically active zone; therefore, prudent risk management requires verification of building safety, structural compliance, and disaster resilience before approving any mortgage loan.

2. Scope

This policy applies to:

All home loans, home equity loans, and property-backed facilities. Both individual and corporate borrowers. New, under-construction, and existing building.

3. Key Responsibilities

3.1 Bank’s Responsibility: 

The bank must ensure:

1. The mortgaged property is structurally safe and not vulnerable to severe earthquake risk.

2. All relevant documents related to structural integrity and building safety have been verified.

3. Risks are identified, documented, and considered in the credit decision.

4. Borrowers are made aware of safety obligations and insurance requirements.


3.2 Employee / Officer Responsibility

1. Credit officers, appraisers, and relationship managers must:

2. Collect and verify mandatory documents

3. Conduct detailed site inspection

4. Report visible structural risks

4. Escalate high-risk cases to Credit Risk Management (CR

4. Mandatory Document Requirements


For all mortgage applications, the following earthquake-related compliance documents must be collected (as applicable):


4.1 Structural & Construction Documents

RAJUK/CDA/KDA/Other authority approved plan

BNBC-compliant structural design approval

Soil test report and foundation design

Completion certificate (for finished buildings)

Fire & safety clearance (if applicable)


4.2 Special Certificates (for buildings over 20 years or suspicious construction)

Structural integrity certificate from IEB-certified engineer

Earthquake resistance assessment report

Retrofitting recommendation (if required)


5. Site Inspection Procedure

5.1 Physical Inspection

Appraiser/Bank officer must evaluate:

Cracks in beams, columns, slabs

Water seepage damaging structural members

Uneven settlement or tilting signs

Weak ground-floor or “soft-story” conditions

Illegal vertical extensions

Quality of materials used in construction


5.2 Photographic Evidence

Photographs must be attached with:

Front elevation

Structural elements

Surrounding environment

5.3 Age-Based Risk Guidelines

0–15 years: Normal processing

15–25 years: Structural observation mandatory

25+ years: Structural integrity certificate required


6. Earthquake Risk Rating

CRM must assign risk based on building condition:

Risk Level

Characteristics:  BNBC-compliant, verified design

Action: Approve normally

Medium Minor cracks, older building, limited deviation Approve with caution & insurance

High Visible structural damage, illegal floors, no documents Decline / request structural audit

Severe Major cracks, weak foundation, unsafe for occupancy Reject immediately


7. Insurance Guidelines

Earthquake coverage in Fire & Allied Perils Insurance is recommended for all mortgage properties.

For medium- and high-risk cases, insurance becomes mandatory.

Sum insured should reflect reconstruction cost, not market valuem

8. Borrower Awareness

Bank must advise borrowers to:

Avoid unauthorized extensions

Ensure periodic structural maintenance

Take earthquake insurance for safety

Follow BNBC guidelines for any renovati

9. Compliance & Audit

Internal Audit & Inspection teams must check whether earthquake-risk guidelines were followed.

Any deviation must be justified in the credit file.

Non-compliance may result in review, rectification order, or disciplinary action.

10. Exceptions

Exceptions may be granted only by Managing Director, DMD, or Head of CRM depending on institution policy.

All exceptions must include written justification and risk mitigation plan.

11. Effective Date & Review

This guideline becomes effective immediately and will be reviewed every two (02) years or earlier if BNBC or regulatory changes require updates.

©arifmanjurul.


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